Magnets zigeze kure kuva muminsi yubusore bwawe mugihe wamaraga amasaha utondekanya ayo mabara ya plastike yamabara meza cyane kumuryango wa firigo ya mama wawe.Magnette yuyu munsi irakomeye kuruta ikindi gihe kandi ubwoko bwayo butuma bugira akamaro muburyo butandukanye bwo gukoresha.
Ntibisanzwe isi na ceramic magneti - cyane cyane nini nini zidasanzwe zidasanzwe - zahinduye inganda nubucuruzi byinshi mu kwagura umubare wibisabwa cyangwa gukora ibisabwa biriho neza.Mugihe abafite ubucuruzi benshi bazi izo magneti, kumva icyabatandukanya birashobora kuba urujijo.Hano haribintu byihuse byerekana itandukaniro riri hagati yubwoko bubiri bwa magnesi, kimwe nincamake yibyiza byabo nibibi:
Ntibisanzwe Isi
Izi magneti zikomeye cyane zishobora kuba zigizwe na neodymium cyangwa samariyumu, byombi bikaba bigize urutonde rwa lanthanide.Samarium yakoreshejwe bwa mbere mu myaka ya za 70, hamwe na magneti ya neodymium yatangiye gukoreshwa mu myaka ya za 1980.Neodymium na samarium byombi ni imbaraga zidasanzwe zidasanzwe kandi zikoreshwa mubikorwa byinshi byinganda zirimo turbine zikomeye na generator kimwe nubumenyi bwa siyansi.
Neodymium
Rimwe na rimwe bita Magnette ya NdFeB kubintu birimo - neodymium, fer na boron, cyangwa NIB gusa - neodymium magnesi nizo rukuruzi zikomeye ziboneka.Ibicuruzwa ntarengwa byingufu (BHmax) byiyi magnesi, byerekana imbaraga zingenzi, birashobora kurenga 50MGOe.
Iyo BHmax ndende - yikubye inshuro 10 kurenza magnetique ceramic - ituma biba byiza mubikorwa bimwe na bimwe, ariko hariho gucuruza: neodymium ifite imbaraga nke zo guhangana nubushyuhe bwumuriro, bivuze ko iyo irenze ubushyuhe runaka, izabura ubushobozi. gukora.Tmax ya magnesi ya neodymium ni dogere selisiyusi 150, hafi kimwe cya kabiri cya samarium cobalt cyangwa ceramic.(Menya ko ubushyuhe nyabwo magneti atakaza imbaraga iyo ahuye nubushyuhe arashobora gutandukana muburyo bushingiye kumavuta.)
Magnets nayo irashobora kugereranywa ukurikije Tcurie yabo.Iyo magnesi ashyushye kubushyuhe burenze Tmax yabo, mubihe byinshi birashobora gukira iyo bimaze gukonja;Tcurie nubushyuhe burenze aho gukira bidashobora kubaho.Kuri magneti ya neodymium, Tcurie ni dogere selisiyusi 310;magnesi ya neodymium yashyutswe cyangwa irenga ubwo bushyuhe ntibushobora kugarura imikorere mugihe gikonje.Magnari zombi za samarium na ceramic zifite Tcures zo hejuru, bigatuma bahitamo neza kubushyuhe bwinshi.
Imashini ya Neodymium irwanya cyane guhindurwa na magnetiki yo hanze, ariko ikunda kubora kandi magnesi nyinshi zashizweho kugirango zirinde ruswa.
Samarium Cobalt
Cobalt ya Samarium, cyangwa SaCo, magnesi zabonetse mu myaka ya za 70, kandi kuva icyo gihe, zagiye zikoreshwa muburyo butandukanye bwo gukoresha.Nubwo bidakomeye nka magneti ya neodymium - samarium cobalt magnet isanzwe ifite BHmax igera kuri 26 - izo magneti zifite inyungu zo kuba zishobora guhangana nubushyuhe bwo hejuru cyane kuruta magnesi ya neodymium.Tmax ya samarium cobalt magnet ni dogere selisiyusi 300, naho Tcurie irashobora kugera kuri dogere selisiyusi 750.Imbaraga zabo zigereranijwe hamwe nubushobozi bwabo bwo guhangana nubushyuhe bwo hejuru cyane bituma biba byiza kubushyuhe bwinshi.Bitandukanye na magneti ya neodymium, samarium cobalt magnet ifite imbaraga zo kurwanya ruswa;bakunda kandi kugira igiciro kiri hejuru ya neodymium magnet.
Ceramic
Ikozwe muri barium ferrite cyangwa strontium, magnetique ceramic imaze igihe kinini kuruta magneti yisi idasanzwe kandi yakoreshejwe bwa mbere muri za 1960.Ububiko bwa Ceramic muri rusange ntibuhenze kuruta magneti yisi idasanzwe ariko ntabwo ikomeye cyane hamwe na BHmax isanzwe igera kuri 3.5 - hafi icya cumi cyangwa kiri munsi ya neodymium cyangwa samarium cobalt.
Kubijyanye n'ubushyuhe, magnetiki ceramic ifite Tmax ya dogere selisiyusi 300 kandi, nka magneti ya samarium, Tcurie ya dogere selisiyusi 460.Imashini ya ceramic irwanya cyane kwangirika kandi mubisanzwe ntisaba ikintu icyo ari cyo cyose cyo gukingira.Biroroshye gukanda kandi nabyo bihenze kuruta neodymium cyangwa samarium cobalt magnet;icyakora, ceramic magnet ziravunika cyane, bigatuma bahitamo nabi kubisabwa birimo guhindagurika cyangwa guhangayika.Imashini ya ceramic ikoreshwa muburyo bwo kwerekana ibyumba by’ishuri hamwe n’ubushobozi buke mu nganda n’ubucuruzi, nka generator yo mu rwego rwo hasi cyangwa turbine.Bashobora kandi gukoreshwa murugo murugo no mugukora impapuro za magnetique hamwe nibyapa.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Werurwe-09-2022
